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Compiler User Guide
Preface
Overview of the Compiler
Getting Started with the Compiler
Compiler Features
Compiler Coding Practices
The compiler as an optimizing compiler
Compiler optimization for code size versus speed
Compiler optimization levels and the debug view
Selecting the target processor at compile time
Enabling FPU for bare-metal
Optimization of loop termination in C code
Loop unrolling in C code
Compiler optimization and the volatile keyword
Code metrics
Code metrics for measurement of code size and data
Stack use in C and C++
Benefits of reducing debug information in objects
Methods of reducing debug information in objects a
Guarding against multiple inclusion of header file
Methods of minimizing function parameter passing o
Returning structures from functions through regist
Functions that return the same result when called
Comparison of pure and impure functions
Recommendation of postfix syntax when qualifying f
Inline functions
Compiler decisions on function inlining
Automatic function inlining and static functions
Inline functions and removal of unused out-of-line
Automatic function inlining and multifile compilat
Restriction on overriding compiler decisions about
Compiler modes and inline functions
Inline functions in C++ and C90 mode
Inline functions in C99 mode
Inline functions and debugging
Types of data alignment
Advantages of natural data alignment
Compiler storage of data objects by natural byte a
Relevance of natural data alignment at compile tim
Unaligned data access in C and C++ code
The __packed qualifier and unaligned data access i
Unaligned fields in structures
Performance penalty associated with marking whole
Unaligned pointers in C and C++ code
Unaligned Load Register (LDR) instructions generat
Comparisons of an unpacked struct, a __packed stru
Compiler support for floating-point arithmetic
Default selection of hardware or software floating
Example of hardware and software support differenc
Vector Floating-Point (VFP) architectures
Limitations on hardware handling of floating-point
Implementation of Vector Floating-Point (VFP) supp
Compiler and library support for half-precision fl
Half-precision floating-point number format
Compiler support for floating-point computations a
Types of floating-point linkage
Compiler options for floating-point linkage and co
Floating-point linkage and computational requireme
Processors and their implicit Floating-Point Units
Integer division-by-zero errors in C code
Software floating-point division-by-zero errors in
About trapping software floating-point division-by
Identification of software floating-point division
Software floating-point division-by-zero debugging
New language features of C99
New library features of C99
// comments in C99 and C90
Compound literals in C99
Designated initializers in C99
Hexadecimal floating-point numbers in C99
Flexible array members in C99
__func__ predefined identifier in C99
inline functions in C99
long long data type in C99 and C90
Macros with a variable number of arguments in C99
Mixed declarations and statements in C99
New block scopes for selection and iteration state
_Pragma preprocessing operator in C99
Restricted pointers in C99
Additional Complex numbers in C99
Boolean type and Extended integer types and functions in How to prevent uninitialized data from being initi
Compiler Diagnostic Messages
Using the Inline and Embedded Assemblers of the AR
Compiler Command-line Options
Language Extensions
Compiler-specific Features
C and C++ Implementation Details
What is Semihosting?
Via File Syntax
Summary Table of GNU Language Extensions
Standard C Implementation Definition
Standard C++ Implementation Definition
C and C++ Compiler Implementation Limits
Inline functions in C++ and C90 mode
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4.27 Inline functions in C++ and C90 mode
The inline keyword is not available in C90. The effect of __inline in C90, and __inline and inline in C++, is identical.
When declaring an
extern function to be inline, you must define it in
every translation unit that it is used in. You must ensure that you use the same definition
in each translation unit.The requirement of defining the function in every translation unit applies even though it
has external linkage.
If an inline function is used by more than one translation unit, its definition is
typically placed in a header file.
ARM does not recommend placing definitions of non-inline functions in header files, because
this can result in the creation of a separate function in each translation unit. If the
non-inline function is an
extern function, this leads to duplicate
symbols at link time. If the non-inline function is static, this
can lead to unwanted code duplication.Member functions defined within a C++ structure, class, or union declaration, are
implicitly inline. They are treated as if they are declared with the
inline or __inline keyword.Inline functions have
extern linkage unless they are explicitly
declared static. If an inline function is declared to be static,
any out-of-line copies of the function must be unique to their translation unit, so
declaring an inline function to be static could lead to unwanted code duplication.The compiler generates a regular call to an out-of-line copy of a function when it cannot
inline the function, and when it decides not to inline it.
The requirement of defining a function in every translation unit it is used in means that
the compiler is not required to emit out-of-line copies of all
extern inline functions. When the compiler does emit out-of-line
copies of an extern inline function, it uses Common Groups, so
that the linker eliminates duplicates, keeping at most one copy in the same out-of-line
function from different object files.Related concepts
Related reference
Related information
| Non-Confidential | PDF version | ARM DUI0375H |
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