Shift operations

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Shift operations

Register shift operations move the bits in a register left or right by a specified number of bits, the shift length. Register shift can be performed:

directly by the instructions ASR, LSR, LSL, ROR, and RRX, and the result is written to a destination register
during the calculation of Operand2 by the instructions that specify the second operand as a register with shift. The result is used by the instruction.

The permitted shift lengths depend on the shift type and the instruction, see the individual instruction description or the flexible second operand description. If the shift length is 0, no shift occurs. Register shift operations update the carry flag except when the specified shift length is 0. The following sub-sections describe the various shift operations and how they affect the carry flag. In these descriptions, Rm is the register containing the value to be shifted, and n is the shift length.

ASR

Arithmetic shift right by n bits moves the left-hand 32-n bits of the register Rm, to the right by n places, into the right-hand 32-n bits of the result. And it copies the original bit[31] of the register into the left-hand n bits of the result. See Figure 1.

You can use the ASR #n operation to divide the value in the register Rm by 2ⁿ, with the result being rounded towards negative-infinity.

When the instruction is ASRS or when ASR #n is used in Operand2 with the instructions MOVS, MVNS, ANDS, ORRS, ORNS, EORS, BICS, TEQ or TST, the carry flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, bit[n-1], of the register Rm.

Note

If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are set to the value of bit[31] of Rm.
If n is 32 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to the value of bit[31] of Rm.

Figure 1. ASR #3

LSR

Logical shift right by n bits moves the left-hand 32-n bits of the register Rm, to the right by n places, into the right-hand 32-n bits of the result. And it sets the left-hand n bits of the result to 0. See Figure 2.

You can use the LSR #n operation to divide the value in the register Rm by 2ⁿ, if the value is regarded as an unsigned integer.

When the instruction is LSRS or when LSR #n is used in Operand2 with the instructions MOVS, MVNS, ANDS, ORRS, ORNS, EORS, BICS, TEQ or TST, the carry flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, bit[n-1], of the register Rm.

Note

If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are cleared to 0.
If n is 33 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to 0.

Figure 2. LSR #3

LSL

Logical shift left by n bits moves the right-hand 32-n bits of the register Rm, to the left by n places, into the left-hand 32-n bits of the result. And it sets the right-hand n bits of the result to 0. See Figure 3.

You can use he LSL #n operation to multiply the value in the register Rm by 2ⁿ, if the value is regarded as an unsigned integer or a two’s complement signed integer. Overflow can occur without warning.

When the instruction is LSLS or when LSL #n, with non-zero n, is used in Operand2 with the instructions MOVS, MVNS, ANDS, ORRS, ORNS, EORS, BICS, TEQ or TST, the carry flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, bit[32-n], of the register Rm. These instructions do not affect the carry flag when used with LSL #0.

Note

If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are cleared to 0.
If n is 33 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to 0.

Figure 3. LSL #3

ROR

Rotate right by n bits moves the left-hand 32-n bits of the register Rm, to the right by n places, into the right-hand 32-n bits of the result. And it moves the right-hand n bits of the register into the left-hand n bits of the result. See Figure 4.

When the instruction is RORS or when ROR #n is used in Operand2 with the instructions MOVS, MVNS, ANDS, ORRS, ORNS, EORS, BICS, TEQ or TST, the carry flag is updated to the last bit rotation, bit[n-1], of the register Rm.

Note

If n is 32, then the value of the result is same as the value in Rm, and if the carry flag is updated, it is updated to bit[31] of Rm.
ROR with shift length, n, more than 32 is the same as ROR with shift length n-32.

Figure 4. ROR #3

RRX

Rotate right with extend moves the bits of the register Rm to the right by one bit. And it copies the carry flag into bit[31] of the result. See Figure 5.

When the instruction is RRXS or when RRX is used in Operand2 with the instructions MOVS, MVNS, ANDS, ORRS, ORNS, EORS, BICS, TEQ or TST, the carry flag is updated to bit[0] of the register Rm.

Figure 5. RRX

Shift operations