Keil™, An ARM® Company

RealView Assembler User's Guide

Technical Support

On-Line Manuals

RealView Assembler User's Guide

Preface Introduction Writing ARM Assembly Language Assembler Reference ARM and Thumb Instructions Instruction summary Memory access instructions Address alignment LDR and STR (immediate offset) LDR and STR (register offset) LDR and STR (User mode) LDR (pc-relative) ADR PLD, PLDW, and PLI LDM and STM PUSH and POP RFE SRS LDREX and STREX CLREX SWP and SWPB General data processing instructions Flexible second operand ADD, SUB, RSB, ADC, SBC, and RSC SUBS pc, lr AND, ORR, EOR, BIC, and ORN CLZ CMP and CMN MOV and MVN MOVT TST and TEQ SEL REV, REV16, REVSH, and RBIT ASR, LSL, LSR, ROR, and RRX SDIV and UDIV Multiply instructions MUL, MLA, and MLS UMULL, UMLAL, SMULL, and SMLAL SMULxy and SMLAxy SMULWy and SMLAWy SMLALxy SMUAD{X} and SMUSD{X} SMMUL, SMMLA, and SMMLS SMLAD and SMLSD SMLALD and SMLSLD UMAAL Saturating instructions Saturating arithmetic QADD, QSUB, QDADD, and QDSUB SSAT and USAT Parallel instructions Parallel add and subtract USAD8 and USADA8 SSAT16 and USAT16 Packing and unpacking instructions BFC and BFI SBFX and UBFX SXT, SXTA, UXT, and UXTA PKHBT and PKHTB Branch and control instructions B, BL, BX, BLX, and BXJ IT CBZ and CBNZ TBB and TBH Coprocessor instructions CDP and CDP2 MCR, MCR2, MCRR, and MCRR2 MRC, MRC2, MRRC and MRRC2 LDC, LDC2, STC, and STC2 Miscellaneous instructions BKPT SVC MRS MSR CPS SMC SETEND NOP, SEV, WFE, WFI, and YIELD DBG, DMB, DSB, and ISB Instruction width selection in Thumb Instruction width specifiers, .W and .N Different behavior for some instructions Diagnostic warning ThumbEE instructions ENTERX and LEAVEX CHKA HB, HBL, HBLP, and HBP Pseudo-instructions ADRL pseudo-instruction MOV32 pseudo-instruction LDR pseudo-instruction UND pseudo-instruction Directives Reference

Instruction width specifiers, .W and .N

4.11.1. Instruction width specifiers, .W and .N

If you want to over-ride this behavior, you can use the .W width specifier. This forces the assembler to generate a 32-bit encoding, even if a 16-bit encoding is available.

You can use the .W specifier in code that might be assembled to either ARM or Thumb (ARMv6T2 or later) code. The .W specifier has no effect when assembling to ARM code.

If you want to be sure that an instruction is encoded in 16 bits, you can use the .N width specifier. In this case, if the instruction cannot be encoded in 16 bits or you are assembling to ARM code, the assembler generates an error.

If you use an instruction width specifier, you must place it immediately after the instruction mnemonic and condition code (if any), for example:

    BCS.W   label   ; forces 32-bit instruction even for a short branch
    B.N     label   : faults if label out of range for 16-bit instruction
Copyright © 2007, 2008 ARM Limited. All rights reserved.ARM DUI 0379B
Non-ConfidentialUnrestricted Access